People have tried to understand and make sense of the human body since ancient times. While working on this road; they needed a common science in naming parts, organs, and systems in the body. And some scientists have begun to develop a common science. This science is Anatomy
What is Anatomy?
Anatomy is the science that examines the normal structure of our body, our organs, the location of these organs, and the relationship between them. The emergence of anatomy was provided by important people such as Hippocrates in ancient times. Anatomy; Ana: to remove and separate, Tomi: is a word derived from the roots meaning to cut. There are other types of anatomy that deal with animals and plants. Artists were also interested in human and animal anatomy, and they benefited from this knowledge while creating their drawings. Anatomy can take various names according to the way it handles body structures.
What are the Types of Anatomy?
Macroscopic Anatomy:
It is the science that examines the forms of visible organs and formations and their relations with each other. In addition to basic educational tools such as cadavers, plastic models (models), and written materials (books, atlas, posters, slides) used for this purpose, elements such as computerized education are used:
Microscopic Anatomy:
Examines the formations that we cannot see with the naked eye. Microscopic anatomy is divided into two branches.
Histology: It is the branch of anatomy that examines the connective-epithelial-muscle-nerve tissues, which are the four basic tissues in the human body.
Cytology: The branch of anatomy that studies the cell and its structure.
Developmental Anatomy:
Examines the stages and structural changes that the human body undergoes from the time it begins to take shape in the mother's womb, from birth to growth, and until death. It is divided into sections.
Embryology anatomy: the prenatal period. Examines the period from zygote formation to birth.
Child anatomy: Childhood period. Examines the period from birth to the end of puberty.
Adult anatomy: The period of adulthood. Examines the adult human body.
Geriatric anatomy: Old age. Examines structural changes in older people.
Pathological Anatomy:
Examines abnormal, diseased tissues in our body macroscopically or microscopically.
Anatomy: It is divided into various subgroups according to the way of expression or learning:
Systematic Anatomy:
Examines the body by dividing it into systems.
Movement system (systema locamatorium): It consists of 3 parts: bone science (osteology), joint science (arthralgia), and muscle science (myalgia).
Bone Science: Bones are whitish, very hard organs, and when joined to others through joints or joints they form the skeleton.
Joint Science: Joints are functional junctions between different bones of the skeleton.
Muscle Science: Muscles are capable of active movement. Bones and joints can work together.
Nervous system (systema nervosum): It is an organ system that causes living things to perceive their internal and external environment, obtains information and processes the obtained information, and provides the transmission of signals to different parts of the body thanks to the network of cells, and regulates the activities of organs and muscles.
Endocrine system (systema endocrine): The endocrine system consists of endocrine glands that produce hormones and are widely distributed throughout the body. Endocrine glands are ductless glands, meaning they secrete hormones directly into (blood) capillaries. The endocrine system produces its effects through the secretion of hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers that affect or control the activities of other tissues or organs. Most of the hormones are transported through the blood to other parts of the body and act in more distant tissues.
Circulatory system-Cardiovascular system (systema circulation): It consists of blood, heart, and blood vessels. In order for blood to reach body cells and exchange substances with them, it must travel continuously through blood vessels. Its main function is to provide nutrients and oxygen to cells.
Respiratory system (systema respiratorium): It is responsible for gas exchange with atmospheric air to the body, providing the permanent oxygen concentration required for metabolic reactions in the blood, and on the other hand, the elimination of residual gases.
Digestive system (systema digestorium): It is the digestive tract or gastrointestinal tract that extends from the oral cavity to the anus.
Excretory system (systema progeria): It is responsible for the removal of waste materials that arise during the construction-destruction reactions in the body. Composed of uropoietic organs
Reproductive system (systema genitalia): It is the system that enables human reproduction and contains the anatomical structures that will enable reproduction. It differs in men and women.
Sense organs (organ sensual): These are the organs that include the senses of sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell.
Comparative Anatomy:
Compares the anatomy of humans and other living things.
Topographic Anatomy:
It divides the body into zones and examines it from the surface to the deep.
Surgical Anatomy:
Examines surgical sites topographically. It can be included in topographic anatomy.
Clinical Anatomy:
It is the application of information covering systematic, topographic, and surgical anatomy on patients in the clinic.
Aesthetics = Plastic = Artistic Anatomy:
It is related to the correction of organs and changes that occur in the external shape of the body and that the patients do not like, and the proportions of the structures on the body surface.
Radiological Anatomy:
It is the examination of the images obtained by dividing the body into slices of a few millimeters from different angles in X-ray, computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI = MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and scintigraphy, which are used in the diagnosis of various diseases.
Superficial Anatomy:
Examines the organs on the living body superficially, and visually.
Sports Anatomy:
It is the study of the structures that make up the movement system.
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